Tundish Lower Nozzle

The tundish lower nozzle is a key refractory component installed on the outer side of the tundish bottom and connected to the upper nozzle. Its core function is to accurately deliver the molten steel in the tundish to the mold, and stabilize the molten steel flow pattern and control the flow rate through its structural design.

Structural Design

• The inner hole is mostly straight cylindrical or slightly conical to ensure stable flow of molten steel. For some special steel grades, the down nozzle is designed with a multi-hole or curved structure to optimize the flow field.
• Its length must match the thickness of the tundish bottom and the height of the mold to prevent secondary oxidation of molten steel caused by exposure to air during transportation.

The actual operating conditions during continuous casting can accelerate or slow down the damage rate of the nozzle.

Steel Grade Characteristics

When casting high-alloy steel, stainless steel and other steel grades containing highly corrosive elements, the chemical corrosion of the molten steel on the nozzle is more severe, and the service life will be shortened by 30%-50% compared with casting ordinary carbon steel. If the content of inclusions in the molten steel is high, they will also adhere to the inner wall of the nozzle, leading to blockage or intensified local wear.

Number of Continuous Casting Heats

The more the number of continuous casting heats, the longer the time the nozzle bears high-temperature erosion and scouring, and its service life will naturally be shortened.

Molten Steel Temperature

If the molten steel temperature is consistently higher than the target range (e.g., exceeding 10-20℃), it will increase the fluidity and chemical activity of the molten steel. This not only intensifies the erosion of the nozzle but also may cause softening of the nozzle material, reducing its erosion resistance.

Molten Slag Entrainment

If the mold level fluctuates greatly or the mold flux is improperly controlled, molten slag is likely to be entrained into the inner hole of the nozzle. It reacts with the nozzle material and adheres to it, thereby reducing the service life of the tundish down nozzle.

Anyang Changtai Silicon Industry Co., Ltd. maintains a comprehensive product traceability system to ensure product performance meets the highest quality standards stipulated by ISO9001, ISO14001, and SGS guidelines, managed through our rigorous quality control system.
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