Tundish Metering Nozzles
Tundish metering nozzles are key flow control components installed at the bottom of the tundish in continuous casting systems.
Products Description
Tundish metering nozzles are key flow control components installed at the bottom of the tundish in continuous casting systems. Their main function is to regulate the steel flow rate from the tundish to the mould, ensuring stable casting speed and uniform strand quality.
Made from high-performance refractory materials, metering nozzles offer excellent thermal shock resistance, erosion resistance and dimensional accuracy. They work in coordination with long nozzles or exchangeable nozzle systems to achieve precise flow control and reduce steel leakage risks.
Tundish metering nozzles are widely used in billet, bloom and slab casting lines, helping steel plants improve casting stability, reduce downtime and enhance overall product quality.
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Working Principle
The flow control of metering nozzles is based on the fluid mechanics principle of orifice discharge. When the steel level in the tundish is kept stable, the steel flow rate through the metering nozzle depends only on the nozzle bore diameter and the physical properties of the molten steel.
During continuous casting, operators calculate in advance and select a nozzle bore size that matches the strand section and casting speed. The amount of molten steel entering the mould equals the amount being withdrawn as solidified strand, thereby maintaining dynamic balance.
Replacement Cycle
During operation, the nozzle bore gradually enlarges due to erosion and chemical corrosion from molten steel. Once the bore expansion exceeds the allowable range, the flow rate becomes uncontrollable and the nozzle must be replaced. The replacement cycle mainly depends on:
- Steel grade: Highly oxidative steels cause faster erosion and shorter service life (approx. 4–8 hours per heat).
- Material: Zirconia-carbon nozzles have a 30–50% longer lifespan than alumina-carbon types.
- Casting duration: The longer a single heat is cast, the greater the nozzle wear.
FAQ
Q: What is a zirconia tundish metering nozzle?
A: It comprises a zirconia insert (inner zirconia nozzle) and an outer body such as high-grade alumina-carbon. It is manufactured by a unique process of directly pressing the outer body around the zirconia nozzle without using the cement joining, providing no risk of steel leakage between the inner and outer body.
Q: What are the advantages of using zirconia tundish metering nozzles?
A: Zirconia offers high heat resistance, chemical stability, and good wear resistance.
Q: How does the zirconia tundish metering nozzle affect the quality of the cast product?
A: It helps maintain a precise and consistent flow of molten metal, leading to improved microstructure and mechanical properties of the final product.
Q: How is the size of a zirconia tundish metering nozzle selected?
A: The size of a zirconia tundish metering nozzle is selected primarily based on the desired steel flow rate required for the casting process, considering factors like the steel grade, desired casting speed, tundish design, and the number of strands being cast, with the nozzle bore diameter directly impacting the flow rate; larger diameters allow for higher flow rates and smaller diameters for lower flow rates.
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